Overloaded infrastrucure

August 25th, 2010
GUANGZHOU, CHINA - SEPTEMBER 9: (CHINA OUT) Cars line up at a road during a traffic jam on September 9, 2005 in Guangzhou of Guangdong Province, China. A Chinese official indicated during a Chinese-Korean Automotive Supplier Summit that, automotive demand in the Chinese market will reach 15 million vehicles per year by 2008, equivalent to a quarter of the current total global demand, according to reports. (Photo by China Photos/Getty Images)

Reports of a 10 day traffic jam in China bring into sharp relief questions around the infrastructures of global urbanisation. This jam started on the 14th August1 and may last until September. Indeed, the Wall Street Journal reports that drivers on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou highway are ‘inching along little more than a third of a mile a day’. The Guardian interviews a driver that took 3 days to get through the jam.  It makes the 2003 closure of the UK’s M11 by snowfall seem small by comparison.

At the heart of this failure of infrastructure lies two important contributory factors. On the one hand car traffic in China is rapidly expanding. As urbanisation gives rise to grater wealth as well as greater distances to travel, car culture is taking hold as it has done across the urbanised global north. In 2009 13.6 million vehicles were sold in China, leading China to surpass the US in car sales. As volume of traffic rises, infrastructure cannot cope and jams become more commonplace. This is a familiar story in  urbanising zones of the global south such as Lagos and Sao Paulo.

The Guardian points, however, to another contributory factor – namely the transport along China’s road’s of coal mined from newly found deposits. Heavy traffic and inadequate infrastructure lead to repairs which themselves gave rise to jams.  The bigger picture here is the co-dependent relationship between urbanisation and fossil fuels. This is a question that the global north has failed to properly address, perpetuating car cultures that demand oil2. Conceptually, this raises the question of the type of fossil-infrastructure hybrid that forms the material substrate of contemporary urban subjectivity.

Overall then, this traffic jam both offers insight into the ‘complex ecology of political subjectivity’3 characteristic of cities as well as posing urgent questions about how we might achieve sustainable global urbanisation.

  1. Reports on the date the jam started differ with the Wall Street Journal referring to 13th August.
  2. indeed the Deepwater Horizon disaster might easily be linked to US car culture.
  3. A phrase I used to describe the constitutive role played by infrastructure in urban subjectivity in a recent piece in Security Dialogue.

The Facebook half-billion: interconnection, infrastructure, anthropocentrism

July 30th, 2010
LONDON - FEBRUARY 03:  In this photo illustration the facebook logo is reflected in the eye of a girl on February 3, 2008 in London, England.  Financial experts continue to evaluate  the recent Microsoft $44.6 billion (?22.4 billion) offer for Yahoo and the possible impact on Internet market currently dominated by Google.  (Photo by Chris Jackson/Getty Images)

I find last week’s news that facebook has reached the milestone of 500 million subscribers interesting for several reasons. Continue reading The Facebook half-billion: interconnection, infrastructure, anthropocentrism»

Negev demolition: Israel’s politics of builiding

July 29th, 2010

Yesterday’s Guardian carries video and comment regarding the demolition of a Bedouin village in the Negev region of Israel. Neve Gordon provocatively refers to the razing of this village as ‘ethnic cleansing’, arguing that it is evidence of the state of Israel’s desire to ‘Judaise’ the Negev. The description of the demolition of residential structures and the uprooting of trees certainly indicates an attempt to prevent the Bedouin establishing a claim to territory that Israel regards as its own (and thus, following the logic of Zionism, as Jewish). Building is a primary way in which identity and territory can be linked since dwelling establishes a durable relationship between individuals and the place they reside in. Given that ethnic cleansing is defined by its assumed linkage of identity and territory one can understand how Gordon comes to his conclusion. However striking this claim might be, however, to my mind it obscures the deeper politics of administrative demolition in Israel.

Continue reading Negev demolition: Israel’s politics of builiding»

The Afghanistan War Logs: extending the battlespace

July 28th, 2010

MIAMI - JULY 26: The homepage of the WikiLeaks website is seen on a computer after leaked classified military documents were posted to it July 26, 2010 in Miami, Florida. WikiLeaks, an organization based in Sweden which publishes anonymous submissions and leaks of sensitive documents from governments and other organizations, released some 91,000 classified documents that span the past six years of U.S. combat operations on the war Afghanistan. (Photo Illustration by Joe Raedle/Getty Images)

There is much to be said about the release of what is being referred to as the Kabul/Afghan War Diary or Afghanistan War Logs. Originally delivered to Wikileaks and simultaneously published by The Guardian, New York Times and Der Spiegel.

Continue reading The Afghanistan War Logs: extending the battlespace»

Urbicide in Paperback

July 27th, 2010

My book Urbicide: The Politics of Urban Destruction is now available in paperback.

It can be ordered from the Routledge website: http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415573566/. At the moment it costs £23.50/$39.95 and they are offering free delivery for orders over £20/$35.

Click on the book cover on the right to see contents and read an extract

Urbicide is the first book length discussion of the deliberate destruction of cities. I examine the ‘killing of cities’ in cases such as the 1992-95 Bosnian war, the Russian Chechen Campaigns, and the Israel-Palestine conflict. I outline a theoretical understanding of what is achieved in such destruction.

Continue reading Urbicide in Paperback»

Divided Cities

July 20th, 2010
Divided Cities Book Cover

In March, Cambridge Review of International Affairs published my review of Jon Calame and Esther Charlesworth’s book Divided Cities: Belfast, Beirut, Jerusalem, Mostar, and Nicosia (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009). I was busy teaching  this spring and so forgot to write about it at the time – but I have returned to thinking about some of these themes in the wake of recent riots in Belfast. Continue reading Divided Cities»

Bangkok: the future of urban war

May 20th, 2010
THA: Thai Army Moves Against Redshirt Protesters

Watching  Bangkok burn1 over the last few days has been both disturbing and upsetting. The use of  heavy armour against a predominantly civilian protest movement (segments of which have latterly turned to small arms and improvised weapons in its stand off with the government) has been a timely reminder of the forms of violence that could mark our urban future.  In some ways it has exemplified dynamics already identified in the literature on urban warfare. The cycle of occupation, displacement and reoccupation that the army and redshirts have been engaged in looks a lot like the ‘pop-up armies and spatial chess‘ that Robert Warren detailed in 2002. Continue reading Bangkok: the future of urban war»

  1. Thanks to Kyle Grayson for this link

Citizenship Without Community

May 18th, 2010

change train
Creative Commons License photo credit: Oliver Huizinga

Last week I took part in an extremely interesting workshop at the British Library. Citizenship Without Community was hosted by the Open University in collaboration with the BISA poststructural politics working group. The workshop examined ideas concering citizenship, begining ith thoughts from Engin Isin (The Open University) and closing with a paper by Étienne Balibar (University of California, Irvine. In between there were a number of thoughful contributions on the nature of contemrpoary citizenship from Vicki Squire (Open University), Angharad Closs Stephens (Durham University), Joe Painter (Durham University), Jonna Pettersson (Lund University), Andrew Schapp (Exeter University), Cindy Weber (Lancaster University), Rutvica Andrijasevic (Open University), Claudia Aradau (Open University), Umut Erel (Open University), and Jef Huysmans (Open University).

For those who weren’t able to be at the workshop podcasts of all of the day’s contributions are now online along with photos of the event. You can find them here.

Ash and infrastructure

April 21st, 2010

The ongoing disruption caused by volcanic ash has demonstrated some of the ways in which contemporary urban life is constituted by its infrastructures. Similar in many ways to Don DeLillo’s Airborne Toxic Event, the cloud from Eyjafjallajökull has reinforced the manner in which our sense of self is tied up in the things and circuits that keep us mobile and fed.

In the midst of the coverage one story in The Guardian struck me as particularly noteworthy: Flight ban could leave UK short of fruit and veg.1 Noting that

Britain’s supermarkets could soon run short of perishable goods…as the ongoing ban on UK air travel brought Britain’s largest perishable air freight handling centre to a standstill today.

The story goes on – despite protestations to the contrary from the firms interviewed – that

Customers…will begin to run out of their existing supplies. Many of Britain’s supermarkets operate their supply chains incredibly tightly, using the principle of “just in time” delivery. When disaster strikes, shortages of some items can start appearing within a few days.

The story neatly ties together the constitutivity of networked infrastructure to metropolitan life and the apocalyptic imaginary that besets that form of life. Dependent on the logistics supplied by networks such as air freight, metropolitan life is forever imagining what a systemic collapse might look like.

  1. Richard Wray & Graeme Wearden, ‘Flight ban could leave UK short of fruit and veg’, The Guardian, Friday 16 April 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/apr/16/flight-ban-shortages-uk-supermarkets, accessed 20th April 2010

Observations on ‘Collateral Murder’

April 12th, 2010

NB: This video has graphic images of killing. Viewers should exercise discretion. You Tube recommends that the video is not viewed by anyone under the age of 18.

I’ve been away for a couple of weeks and so have not been able to respond to the wikileaksCollateral murder‘ video.1 Like many others I was initially struck by the way the video exemplifies the contemporary intersection of video-gaming, spectacle and warfare. Indeed, the  uncanny resonance of the footage with the ‘Death from above’ mission in Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare seem to invite the viewer to draw uncomfortable parallels.

However, my colleague Kyle Grayson has an excellent commentary on ‘Collateral Murder’ that raises some other points that prompted me to think further about what this footage might tell us about the contemporary intersection of war and society.
Continue reading Observations on ‘Collateral Murder’»

  1. Thanks to Nate Wright for alerting me to this video