Archive for the ‘Comment’ Category

Overloaded infrastrucure

Wednesday, August 25th, 2010
GUANGZHOU, CHINA - SEPTEMBER 9: (CHINA OUT) Cars line up at a road during a traffic jam on September 9, 2005 in Guangzhou of Guangdong Province, China. A Chinese official indicated during a Chinese-Korean Automotive Supplier Summit that, automotive demand in the Chinese market will reach 15 million vehicles per year by 2008, equivalent to a quarter of the current total global demand, according to reports. (Photo by China Photos/Getty Images)

Reports of a 10 day traffic jam in China bring into sharp relief questions around the infrastructures of global urbanisation. This jam started on the 14th August1 and may last until September. Indeed, the Wall Street Journal reports that drivers on the Beijing-Zhangjiakou highway are ‘inching along little more than a third of a mile a day’. The Guardian interviews a driver that took 3 days to get through the jam.  It makes the 2003 closure of the UK’s M11 by snowfall seem small by comparison.

At the heart of this failure of infrastructure lies two important contributory factors. On the one hand car traffic in China is rapidly expanding. As urbanisation gives rise to grater wealth as well as greater distances to travel, car culture is taking hold as it has done across the urbanised global north. In 2009 13.6 million vehicles were sold in China, leading China to surpass the US in car sales. As volume of traffic rises, infrastructure cannot cope and jams become more commonplace. This is a familiar story in  urbanising zones of the global south such as Lagos and Sao Paulo.

The Guardian points, however, to another contributory factor – namely the transport along China’s road’s of coal mined from newly found deposits. Heavy traffic and inadequate infrastructure lead to repairs which themselves gave rise to jams.  The bigger picture here is the co-dependent relationship between urbanisation and fossil fuels. This is a question that the global north has failed to properly address, perpetuating car cultures that demand oil2. Conceptually, this raises the question of the type of fossil-infrastructure hybrid that forms the material substrate of contemporary urban subjectivity.

Overall then, this traffic jam both offers insight into the ‘complex ecology of political subjectivity’3 characteristic of cities as well as posing urgent questions about how we might achieve sustainable global urbanisation.

  1. Reports on the date the jam started differ with the Wall Street Journal referring to 13th August.
  2. indeed the Deepwater Horizon disaster might easily be linked to US car culture.
  3. A phrase I used to describe the constitutive role played by infrastructure in urban subjectivity in a recent piece in Security Dialogue.

The Facebook half-billion: interconnection, infrastructure, anthropocentrism

Friday, July 30th, 2010
LONDON - FEBRUARY 03:  In this photo illustration the facebook logo is reflected in the eye of a girl on February 3, 2008 in London, England.  Financial experts continue to evaluate  the recent Microsoft $44.6 billion (?22.4 billion) offer for Yahoo and the possible impact on Internet market currently dominated by Google.  (Photo by Chris Jackson/Getty Images)

I find last week’s news that facebook has reached the milestone of 500 million subscribers interesting for several reasons. (more…)

Negev demolition: Israel’s politics of builiding

Thursday, July 29th, 2010

Yesterday’s Guardian carries video and comment regarding the demolition of a Bedouin village in the Negev region of Israel. Neve Gordon provocatively refers to the razing of this village as ‘ethnic cleansing’, arguing that it is evidence of the state of Israel’s desire to ‘Judaise’ the Negev. The description of the demolition of residential structures and the uprooting of trees certainly indicates an attempt to prevent the Bedouin establishing a claim to territory that Israel regards as its own (and thus, following the logic of Zionism, as Jewish). Building is a primary way in which identity and territory can be linked since dwelling establishes a durable relationship between individuals and the place they reside in. Given that ethnic cleansing is defined by its assumed linkage of identity and territory one can understand how Gordon comes to his conclusion. However striking this claim might be, however, to my mind it obscures the deeper politics of administrative demolition in Israel.

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The Afghanistan War Logs: extending the battlespace

Wednesday, July 28th, 2010

MIAMI - JULY 26: The homepage of the WikiLeaks website is seen on a computer after leaked classified military documents were posted to it July 26, 2010 in Miami, Florida. WikiLeaks, an organization based in Sweden which publishes anonymous submissions and leaks of sensitive documents from governments and other organizations, released some 91,000 classified documents that span the past six years of U.S. combat operations on the war Afghanistan. (Photo Illustration by Joe Raedle/Getty Images)

There is much to be said about the release of what is being referred to as the Kabul/Afghan War Diary or Afghanistan War Logs. Originally delivered to Wikileaks and simultaneously published by The Guardian, New York Times and Der Spiegel.

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Bangkok: the future of urban war

Thursday, May 20th, 2010
THA: Thai Army Moves Against Redshirt Protesters

Watching  Bangkok burn1 over the last few days has been both disturbing and upsetting. The use of  heavy armour against a predominantly civilian protest movement (segments of which have latterly turned to small arms and improvised weapons in its stand off with the government) has been a timely reminder of the forms of violence that could mark our urban future.  In some ways it has exemplified dynamics already identified in the literature on urban warfare. The cycle of occupation, displacement and reoccupation that the army and redshirts have been engaged in looks a lot like the ‘pop-up armies and spatial chess‘ that Robert Warren detailed in 2002. (more…)

  1. Thanks to Kyle Grayson for this link

Ash and infrastructure

Wednesday, April 21st, 2010

The ongoing disruption caused by volcanic ash has demonstrated some of the ways in which contemporary urban life is constituted by its infrastructures. Similar in many ways to Don DeLillo’s Airborne Toxic Event, the cloud from Eyjafjallajökull has reinforced the manner in which our sense of self is tied up in the things and circuits that keep us mobile and fed.

In the midst of the coverage one story in The Guardian struck me as particularly noteworthy: Flight ban could leave UK short of fruit and veg.1 Noting that

Britain’s supermarkets could soon run short of perishable goods…as the ongoing ban on UK air travel brought Britain’s largest perishable air freight handling centre to a standstill today.

The story goes on – despite protestations to the contrary from the firms interviewed – that

Customers…will begin to run out of their existing supplies. Many of Britain’s supermarkets operate their supply chains incredibly tightly, using the principle of “just in time” delivery. When disaster strikes, shortages of some items can start appearing within a few days.

The story neatly ties together the constitutivity of networked infrastructure to metropolitan life and the apocalyptic imaginary that besets that form of life. Dependent on the logistics supplied by networks such as air freight, metropolitan life is forever imagining what a systemic collapse might look like.

  1. Richard Wray & Graeme Wearden, ‘Flight ban could leave UK short of fruit and veg’, The Guardian, Friday 16 April 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/apr/16/flight-ban-shortages-uk-supermarkets, accessed 20th April 2010

Observations on ‘Collateral Murder’

Monday, April 12th, 2010

NB: This video has graphic images of killing. Viewers should exercise discretion. You Tube recommends that the video is not viewed by anyone under the age of 18.

I’ve been away for a couple of weeks and so have not been able to respond to the wikileaksCollateral murder‘ video.1 Like many others I was initially struck by the way the video exemplifies the contemporary intersection of video-gaming, spectacle and warfare. Indeed, the  uncanny resonance of the footage with the ‘Death from above’ mission in Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare seem to invite the viewer to draw uncomfortable parallels.

However, my colleague Kyle Grayson has an excellent commentary on ‘Collateral Murder’ that raises some other points that prompted me to think further about what this footage might tell us about the contemporary intersection of war and society.
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  1. Thanks to Nate Wright for alerting me to this video

Anniversaries of urban destruction: Berlin & Mostar

Tuesday, November 10th, 2009

Yesterday marked two important anniversaries for the destruction of urban fabric. On the one hand there were prominent commemoration ceremonies to mark the 20th Anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall. 9th November 1989 was the date on which border security was eased and freedom of movement across the wall was allowed. 9th November thus marks the date on which the wall’s dividing power – ostensibly the purpose that gave the structure meaning – ended. It is thus the anniversary of a symbolic destruction. (more…)

Mobile Infrastrucures of Metropolitanisation

Friday, October 23rd, 2009

The Guardian today has an interesting report on the global penetration of mobile telephony and broadband internet (‘Africa calling: mobile phone usage sees record rise after huge investment‘). Perhaps the most striking statistic is that ‘[o]n average there are now 60 mobile subscriptions for every 100 people in the world’. However, it is also worth noting the phenomenal growth of mobile phone usage in Africa (550% in the last 5 years). It is worth highlighting the services that are made available through mobile phones in the developing world:

Popular mobile services include money transfers, allowing people without bank accounts to send money by text message. Many farmers use mobiles to trade and check market prices.

Elsewhere I have written about the way in which communications infrastructures are constitutive of contemporary urbanised ways of life. These figures – and the manner in which mobile phones have become integral to accessing vital services – reaffirm this point.

What is interesting, however, is the manner in which the mobile phone is a flexible, rather than static, infrastructure. (more…)